Description
Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with an imidazole structure and with anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative properties. Midazolam exerts its effect by binding to the benzodiazepine receptor at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to an increase in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization and increases the inhibitory effect of GABA in the CNS. Midazolam may also interfere with the reuptake of GABA, thereby causing the accumulation of GABA in the synaptic cleft
Midazolam has neurotoxic properties when administered neuraxial in vivo. Furthermore, midazolam induces neurodegeneration in neonatal animal models in combination with other general anesthetics.